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Interservice Procedures for Instructional Systems Development :
Executive Summary and Model (Continued...)
by Robert K. Branson, Gail T. Rayner and J. Lamarr Cox

In this context, the term "need" refers to a measurable discrepancy or distance between the actual world as it exists now and the world as it ought to be. Needs analysis must accurately reflect the world or system as it now is and must also define clearly the most desirable state of affairs. Discrepancies can be created through the discovery of new knowledge or the application of new technology; e.g., the availability of a new weapons system or through changes in the force structure brought about by changes in strategy, tactics, or changes in the military personnel system. For example, in the early, 1970's, the reenlistment rate of combat experienced veterans remained at a moderate to low level. During the middle 1970's perhaps as a result of the general economic conditions or wide scale national attitudinal changes, combat veterans were reenlisting at a dramatically increased rate. Changes of this nature can have important implications for the training system as a whole.

Since the ISD procedures must follow the needs analysis, the quality of the information obtained in Phase I of the ISD procedures will have a strong impact on the success of the outputs of the ISD procedures. If a performance requirement is overdefined or underdefined based on analyses of field conditions, a new weapons system, or other source, the ISD procedures will tend to exaggerate the error. If training is specified where no training is required, resources will not be well managed. On the other hand, if no training is specified where training is an appropriate solution, the organizational mission could suffer drastically. This volume contains the Executive Summary and Model of a five-phase manual wnich presents approved procedures and techniques for interservice

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